![image of an archery instructor helping student with bow](/sites/default/files/styles/380x228/public/2020-09/bow-education.jpg?itok=8Dbexs8i)
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Bowhunter education is not required to hunt during archery-only seasons in Oregon. However completing Oregon’s Bowhunter Education Program can make you a more versatile and successful bowhunter. In addition, several neighboring states do require bowhunter education. Bowhunters who are certified through Oregon’s Bowhunter Education Program will be qualified to hunt in all other states and Canadian Provinces. Students in the Oregon Bowhunter Education Program get an introduction to bowhunting, and learn more about wildlife conservation, safe and responsible bowhunting, the parts of a bow and arrow, how to prepare for a hunt, hunting techniques, shot placement, game recovery and outdoor
![image of an archery instructor helping student with bow](/sites/default/files/styles/380x228/public/2020-09/bow-education.jpg?itok=8Dbexs8i)
Denman Wildlife Area, 1495 East Gregory Rd, Central Point, OR 97502
![image of two tom turkeys talking trash](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2020-09/Sounds-turkeys-make-NWTF.jpg?itok=devxnXaw)
The Eastern gray squirrel is the smallest member of the genus in Oregon. This squirrel was introduced into Oregon and can now be found in Salem, Portland, Milwaukie, and Vale. All populations in Oregon have been found in urban areas. This squirrel is active throughout the year, activity restricted to daylight hours. Photo from Washington Fish and Wildlife
![eastern_gray_squirrel_wfw.jpg Eastern gray squirrel](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2023-05/eastern_gray_squirrel_wfw_cx.jpg?itok=tZwnbuAt)
![image of a snarling cougar](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2019-08/snarling-cougar_0.jpg?itok=QR9jPkDo)
EE Wilson Wildlife Area, 29555 Camp Adair Rd, Monmouth, 97351
![image of two tom turkeys talking trash](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2020-09/Sounds-turkeys-make-NWTF.jpg?itok=devxnXaw)
Terns are generally associated with marine environments and salt marshes, but the Forster's tern inhabits freshwater areas. During the breeding season this graceful bird is eastern Oregon's resident small white tern. Typical of terns, the Forster's employs a dramatic hunting method of plunge-diving into shallow waters to capture small fish, the bird sometimes submerging completely. This is an uncommon but highly visible colonial breeder east of the Cascades. Hear the call of the Forster's tern Photo by Dave Budeau, ODFW
![480_forsters_tern_budeau.jpg Foster's tern](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2023-05/480_forsters_tern_budeau.jpg?itok=ctHsLad-)
Oregon's owls are mostly nocturnal, hunting for insects, fish, frogs, birds, mice and other small mammals in the night. Their hoots, screeches and calls can be heard after dark or early in the morning. Owls don't build nests, but instead use tree cavities, nests created by other species, naturally occurring structures or human-made nest platforms. The Western burrowing owl nests underground in abandoned dens dug by squirrels, prairie dogs and badgers. Learn more about Oregon's owls.
![8657_great_horned_owl.jpg Thumbnail](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/8657_great_horned_owl.jpg?itok=x_fUZsCq)
While recreationally harvesting green crab has been allowed for decades, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission recently increased the daily bag limit to 35 crab. This gives recreational shellfishers an opportunity to help native shellfish by taking more of these invaders home. European green crab are an invasive species in Oregon. While recreational harvest is allowed (35 per day), harvesters must correctly identify these crabs (see below) as they often are mistaken for native species. Commercially harvesting green crab is prohibited. Green crab: Compete with native crabs for food. Larger green crab may eat smaller native shellfish. May disturb eelgrass
![Showing the underside of a green crab](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2022-03/GreenCrab.jpg?itok=k1zLrSHs)
Western pond turtles prefer marshes, streams, rivers, ponds and lakes. They need sparse vegetation nearby for digging nests and like to bask on logs. Population declines are due to habitat loss, degradation of nesting areas by invasive plants, competition from non-native turtles and disease. Predators include raccoons and invasive bullfrogs and fish. Western pond turtles are Oregon Conservation Strategy Species in the Coast Range, East and West Cascades, Klamath Mountains and Willamette Valley ecoregions. Photo by Simon Wray, ODFW
![072010_western_pond_turtle_wray_odfw_0.jpg Western pond turtle](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2023-06/072010_western_pond_turtle_wray_odfw_cx.jpg?itok=mQwNkH51)
The Wolverine is the largest terrestrial mustelid in Oregon that, to some degree, resembles a small bear. It is powerfully built with a broad, dog-like head; short round ears; small eyes; a slightly humped back; relatively short legs and a bushy, somewhat drooping tale. The pelage consists of a dense, wooly, crimped under fur overlain by course, stiff and somewhat shaggy guard hairs. Fur on the tail is about twice as long as on the body. The base color is blackish brown with a pale brown stripe extending along the sides from the head or shoulders to the base of
![0478_wolverine.jpg Wolverine](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2023-06/0478_wolverine_cx.jpg?itok=ZVA1mnWW)
The mountain goat is a stockily built bovid with black scimitar-shaped horns, large black hooves and prominent dew claws, and an entirely white, wooly pelage. Sometimes the pelage contains scattered brown hairs on the dorsum and rump. A long beard, pointed ears, and a squarish muzzle are also characteristic. Males are larger, and have longer, larger-diameter, and more evenly curved horns that females. Mountain goats are denizens of high altitudes, remote, and barren montane regions where they are capable of moving through exceedingly rugged and precipitous terrain with speed and agility. Nevertheless, mountain goats are known to fall occasionally, whereupon
![1637_mt_goat_matthews_odfw_0.jpg Mountain goat](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2023-05/1637_mt_goat_matthews_odfw_cx.jpg?itok=9dOPqRd7)
What to expect when waterfowl hunting this year in the western part of the state.
![Duck hunting](/sites/default/files/styles/380x228/public/2017-11/2219_duck_blind_odfw_hero_0.jpg?itok=JoC3sIUD)
This snake is found in meadows and at the edges of clearings in forests. It prefers areas with dense vegetation but, when basking, can be found in open areas or on talus slopes. It occurs in wooded areas on the floor of the Willamette Valley and has been found in the Rogue Valley. This garter snake is commonly found in suburban areas and city parks. The Northwestern garter snake feeds mainly on slugs and earthworms, but also takes insects, small salamanders, frogs, fish, small mammals, and possibly nestlings of ground nesting birds. Photo by J. Maughn, Flickr
![northwestern_gater_snake_j_maughn_flickr.jpg Northwestern garter snake](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2023-06/northwestern_gater_snake_j_maughn_flickr_cx.jpg?itok=T0JO1QN0)
Much variability in coloration exists in the common garter snake but the best identifying characteristic is a stripe down the middle of the snake's back. While the common garter snake frequents wet meadows and forest edges, it occurs in a variety of habitats far from water, including open valleys and moist coniferous forest. Smaller snakes eat earthworms, but adults feed on a variety of vertebrate prey, including frogs, toads, salamanders, birds, fish, reptiles, and small mammals. Invertebrates, including slugs and leeches, are also eaten. Photo by Dave Budeau, ODFW
![072_garter_snake_budeau.jpg Thumbnail](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2018-11/072_garter_snake_budeau.jpg?itok=2qowfbLb)
Seeing killer whales off the Oregon coast is a rare treat, but whale watchers can usually count on a pod of orca’s patrolling the coast in mid-April – just in time to intercept baby gray whales. Orcas are most often seen in the ocean off Depoe Bay and Newport, but can be spotted coastwide. The first thing you are likely to see when sighting killer whales is their dorsal fin. Male orcas have a dorsal fin that can be six feet in height, juveniles and females have shorter fins. These large fins can be seen from quite a distance. There
![0429_killer_whale_face.jpg Killer whale](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2024-02/Killer_Whale_Southern_Resident_DPS_credit_NOAA_Fisheries_460.jpg?itok=8TiecGHp)
The ears of the pygmy rabbit are short, rounded, and covered with long silky hairs inside and out; the tail is small and covered with hairs possessing wide buffy bands with narrow blackish tips above and below; and the feet are short, densely furred below, and colored a light orangy-buff. In Oregon, pygmy rabbits have been found east and south of a line connecting Klamath Falls, Fremont, Redmond, and Baker City. This rabbit is closely tied to habitats dominated by big sagebrush. The Pygmy rabbit is an Oregon Conservation Strategy Species in the Northern Basin and Range ecoregion. Photo from
![pygmy_rabbit_2_wfw.jpg Pygmy rabbit](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2023-05/pygmy_rabbit_2_wfw_cx.jpg?itok=khKdVhnY)
Features: The purple varnish clam is named for the purple hue found inside the clam and the shiny varnish over the brown color outside the shell. It is oval in shape and is relatively flat with a prominent ligament near the hinge. Habitat: These clams can be found in cobble to muddy substrate. Technique: Purple varnish clams are found in very high densities. Limits are 72 a day. Learn more here before getting started clamming. See Oregon Sport Fishing Regulations for information on the daily catch limits for bay clams. How to dig purple varnish clams (video)
![PurpleVarnishClams3_iamaportlander.jpg Thumbnail](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/PurpleVarnishClams3_iamaportlander.jpg?itok=cMiW0u0U)
This species is found in a variety of habitats. To make matters more confusing, four subspecies are found in Oregon, each of which has somewhat different habitat preferences. All can be found in moist areas such as marshes and lake or stream margins, but two may occur some distance from water. The diet varies among subspecies; the more aquatic forms feed on fish, frogs, tadpoles, and leeches, which are eaten in the water. Terrestrial forms take frogs and toads, but also lizards, small mammals, salamanders and slugs. Photo by David Bronson, ODFW
![2885_garter_snake_bronson_0.jpg Western terrestrial garter snake](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2023-06/2885_garter_snake_bronson_cx.jpg?itok=M8SPsCJ8)
Commonly found along beaches and about estuaries, this large, ponderous bird is a conspicuous member of the summer coastal community, easily recognized by its large size, massive bill, and brownish plumage. Highly gregarious, it often forms large flocks; regularly observed foraging over the ocean just offshore. Brown pelicans often join mixed flocks of birds attracted to schools of small fish. They are common spring, summer, and fall visitors along the Oregon coast. Brown pelicans are an Oregon Conservation Strategy Species in the Nearshore ecoregion. Hear the call of the brown pelican Photo by Michael Lazott
![952_brown_pelican_flight_lazott_odfw.jpg Brown pelican](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2023-05/952_brown_pelican_flight_lazott_odfw.jpg?itok=jmNNs3gg)
Features: Circular in shape and 1.5-2.5 inches across. Identified by concentric lines and radiating ridges. Longer lived and less abundant than cockles. Habitat: High salinity areas of sand, mud, gravel, or rock. Harvest them in Tillamook, Netarts, Yaquina, and Coos bays. Techniques: These clams can be found in rocky nearshore areas within 6 inches of the surface. Using a rake for these clams is the best harvest method. Learn more here before getting started clamming. See Oregon Sport Fishing Regulations for information on the daily catch limits for bay clams. How to dig for little neck clams (video)
![1383_littleneck_clam_scott_groth_odfw.jpg Thumbnail](/sites/default/files/styles/232x139/public/2018-08/1383_littleneck_clam_scott_groth_odfw.jpg?itok=xEDzPAHj)